Championing Agroecology in Limpopo

The Mopani Farmers Association Agroecology Hub in Limpopo provides agroecology training, for more than 100 young people every year. Xitshembiso Mabunda, a farmer and qualified agroecologist, oversees the hub and the training.

Training topics include land preparation, seed saving, maintenance, weeding, mulching, irrigation, compost making, packaging and marketing amongst other topics.   The key premise of the hub is to show in practice the benefits of shifting from the industrial farming methods, which is heavily reliant on chemicals such as pesticides. Many of these synthetic pesticides are dangerous and have a damaging effect on people’s health and the environment.

The health risks associated with synthetic pesticides include hormone disruption, brain and nervous system toxicity, cancer, blood and nerve disorders as well as birth and reproductive effects. Through agroecology, farmers are taught natural alternatives to pesticides like planting herbs such as marigold, assyllum, fenell and coriander to deal with pests instead of resorting to synthetic pesticides.

Farmers who practice agroecology not only produce healthier food, their crops are also better tasting too! “People are able to distinguish, just by the taste alone, the difference between those crops which are grown using agroecology practices and those which have been exposed to chemicals used as part of industrial farming practices,” says Alice Tivani from the Mopani Farmers Association.

Working holistically as a farming collective is an important principle of agroecology. Farmers are also taught about collecting dung and cattle urine which is useful when making liquid manure. Upon harvesting, farmers can also feed their cattle with any unused products.

Central to agroecology is the practice of the seed saving of traditional and indigenous seeds. At the Mopani Farmers Association hub, farmers are taught seed saving practices such as how to dry the seeds, how to use ash to save seeds and how to properly store seeds in a sack or a closed container.

The Mopani Farmers Association views agroecology as an important climate change adaptation measure. The traditional and indigenous ways of black farmers have been and are more in harmony with the environment than current modern day industrial forms of farming.  Africa produces the least amount of the CO2 and other greenhouse emissions, yet Africa is one most vulnerable Continents to the devastation of climate change. This is a grave climate injustice.

Ku lwela Agroecology eLimpopo

Mopani Farmers Association Agroecology Hub e Limpopo yinyika ndzetelo wa agroecology eka kutlula 100 wa vantshwa lembe na lembe. Xitshembiso Mabunda, murimi na agroecologist loyi a faneleke, u langutela hub na ndzetelo.

Tinhlokomhaka ta ndzetelo ti katsa ku lulamisela misava, ku hlayisa mbewu, ku hlayisa, ku byala nhova, ku cheleta, ku endla manyoro, ku paka na ku xavisa exikarhi ka tinhlokomhaka tin’wana. Hub yikombisa mbuyelo wa agroecology tani hi maendlelo ya vurimi kuhambana na maendlelo ya vurimi bya ti indasitiri lawa ya titshegeke ngopfu hi ti khemikhali tofana na swidlaya switsotswana. Votala va swidlaya switsotswana leswi swo endliwa swina khombo naswona swina mbuyelo wo onha eka rihanyo ra vanhu na mbango.

Makhombo ya rihanyo lawa ya fambelanaka na swidlaya switsotswana leswi endliweke ya katsa ku kavanyeteka ka tihomoni, chefu ya byongo na fambiselo ra misiha, khensa, swiphiqo swa ngati na misiha xikan’we na vuyelo bya ku velekiwa na ku veleka. Hiku tirhisa agroecology, van’wamapurasi va dyondzisiwa swin’wana swa ntumbuluko eka swidlaya switsotswana leswingana chefu kufana naku byala swimilani swofana na marigold, assyllum, fenell na coriander kuva va tirhana na switsotswana ematshan’wini yo tirhisa swidlaya switsotswana swa synthetic.

Van’wamapurasi lava endlaka agroecology ava humesi swakudya leswinga na rihanyo ntsena, kambe swibyariwa swa vona na swona swinandzika ku antswa na swona! “Vanhu va kota ku hambanyisa, ntsena hi nantswo ntsena, ku hambana exikarhi ka swibyariwa sweswo leswi byariwaka hiku tirhisa maendlelo ya agroecology na leswinga hlangana na ti khemikhali leti tirhisiwaka tani hi xiphemu xa maendlelo ya vurimi bya ti indasitiri,” ku vula Alice Tivani kusuka eka Mopani Farmers Association.

Van’wamapurasi vatlhela va dyondzisiwa hiku hlengeleta manyoro na nchuluko wa tihomu leswi pfunaka loko ku endliwa manyoro ya mati. Loko va tshoveriwa, van’wamapurasi vanga tlhela va phamela tihomu ta vona hi switirhisiwa swihi na swihi leswinga tirhisiwiki.

Exikarhi ka agroecology i maendlelo yo hlayisa mbewu ya mbewu ya ndzhavuko na ya ndzhavuko. Eka hub ya Mopani Farmers Association, van’wamapurasi va dyondzisiwa maendlelo yo hlayisa mbewu kufana na ndlela yo omisa mbewu, ndlela yo tirhisa nkuma ku hlayisa mbewu xikan’we na ndlela yo hlayisa kahle mbewu eka saka kumbe eka xigwitsirisi lexi pfalekeke.

Nhlangano wa Van’wamapurasi wa Mopani wu languta agroecology tani hi goza ra nkoka ro pfumelelana na ku cinca ka maxelo. Tindlela ta ndzhavuko na ndzhavuko ta van’wamapurasi va vantima tive naswona ti fambisana swinene na mbango kutlula swivumbeko swa sweswi swa manguva lawa swa ti indasitiri ta vurimi. Afrika ri humesa nhlayo yitsongo ya CO2 na ku humesiwa kun’wana ka greenhouse, hambiswiritano Afrika i rin’wana ra Matiko-nkulu lama nga ekhombyeni swinene eka ku onhiwa hi ku cinca ka maxelo. Lexi i ku pfumaleka ka vululami lokukulu ka maxelo.

Agro-Ekologie: ‘N Wêreldwye Beweging Om Weer Beheer Oor Ons Voedsel Te Kry En Te Behou.

Regoor die wêreld is daar miljoene boere, kleinboere, ambagsvissers en ander mense wat rondom agro-ekologie mobiliseer en organiseer as ‘n manier om agri-besigheidsbeheer en oorname van ons voedselstelsel teë te staan. Wie voedse produseer, hoe voedsel geproduseer, verwerk en versprei en verkoop/verkry word, is belangrike politieke vrae en terreine van stryd in die 21ste eeu. Agro-ekologie poog om behoeftiges,boere en klein produsente te help om “buite die domeine en perke wat deur kapitaal opgelê word” te beweeg. Boerdery En Landbou As ‘N Gesig Van Stryd Vir Sosio-Ekonomiese Geregtigheid 

Landbou is een van die sleutelgebiede waar kapitalisme probeer om wins te maksimeer. Gevolglik word ons voedselstelsels wêreldwyd toenemend geindustrialiseer en beheer deur agri-besigheid multinasionale korporasies

MNC’s), wat voedsel in ‘n markkommoditeit verander wat miljoene nie kan bekostig nie. Dit skend mense se inherente reg op voedsel en reg op lewe, wat groter armoede en huishoudelike voedselonsekerheid en ongekende vlakke van honger wêreldwyd skep,

Industriële landbou vergiftig ook ons ​​liggame, ons omgewings en poog om kleinboere verbruikers te maak van en afhanklik van insette (bv. saad, kunsmis, plaagdoders) wat deur agri-besigheid verskaf word, dikwels met die ondersteuning van subsidies van ons regerings. Die gebruik van hierdie insette (wat op fossielbrandstowwe staatmaak) en grootskaalse vernietiging van woude regoor die wêreld is ook een van die hoofbydraers tot klimaatsverandering.

Landbou in ontwikkelende lande in die globale Suide (Afrika, Asië, die Karibiese Eilande en Latyns-Amerika) word spesifiek geteiken. Behalwe om nasionale landbouproduksie te teiken, teiken MNK’e en sommige befondsers ook kleinboere en plaas hulle onder druk om te “moderniseer”. Hulle bevorder plaaslike projekte gebaseer op die Groen Revolusie, afhanklik van die aankoop van ‘verbeterde sade’, GMO’s, en industriële kunsmis en plaagdoders. Dit vernietig biodiversiteit en vergiftig ons grond.

Sodra boere hierdie insette begin gebruik, is dit baie moeilik om hierdie prosesse om te keer en afhanklikheid te stop. Hierdie MNK-projekte bevorder ook mono-verbouing, aanvaarding van nuwe tegnologieë, kontrakboerdery, voedsel en ander gewasse vir uitvoere en selfs van voedsel en ander gewasse vir agro-brandstowwe.

Sommige programme bevorder ook ‘organiese mono-gewas boerdery’ en ‘klimaat slim landbou’. Sulke programme vernietig nie net tradisionele boerdery deur die gebruik van duur ‘organiese insette’ te bevorder nie, dikwels vervaardig deur dieselfde landbou-MNC’s wat die landbouchemikalieë produseer wat ons verwerp, maar dit vernietig ook biodiversiteit en produkte  dikwels vir uitvoer.

Dit alles skep verwoesting in landelike gebiede. Vroue word dikwels die ergste geraak, aangesien hulle tradisioneel verantwoordelik is vir die produksie van voedsel en vir die verskaffing van sorg in hul huishoudings.

AGRO-EKOLOGIE EN TRADISIONELE BOERDERY
Agro-ekologie poog om die talle skade wat deur industriële landbou aangerig word, teë te werk. Landbou-ekologie bevorder volhoubare boerderypraktyke, die produksie van voedsel wat gesondheid bevorder en gevarieerde diëte wat in pas is met ons verskillende kulture en poog om groter sosiale en omgewingsgeregtigheid in die wêreld te verseker.

Landbou-ekologie moedig die gebruik van tradisionele boerderypraktyke/-metodes aan wat deur ons voorvaders ontwikkel is en wat die mensdom vir duisende jare onderhou het. Hierdie praktyke verskil wyd oor die wêreld, maar hulle probeer almal om in harmonie met die natuur en die omliggende

omgewings te werk, gebaseer op tradisionele wetenskaplike kennis. Ons kan sê dat al hierdie metodes agro-ekologies is. Dit is ons kollektiewe erfenis wat ontwikkel en opgebou is deur ‘n dialoog tussen verskillende boere.

Benewens tradisionele boerderymetodes, inkorporeer landbou-ekologie ook nuwe kontemporêre wetenskaplike kennis en innovasies, solank dit die belange en behoeftes van kleinboer-voedselprodusente en die armes in die algemeen dien.

AGRO-EKOLOGIESE ALGEMENE LANDBOU BEGINSELS
Landbou-ekologiese algemene boerderybeginsels sluit in: die herwinning van biomassa; die behoud van gesonde gronde; herwinning, voortplanting van tradisionele sade; biodiversiteit; geïntegreerde saai- en veeboerdery; toenemende verbruik van plaaslik geproduseerde voedsel; die vermindering van waterverliese – alle praktyke wat kan bydra tot die vermindering van aardverwarming en die bevordering van voedselsoewereiniteit.

GEEN VASTE RESEPTE
Geen ‘vaste resepte’: Landbou-ekologie skryf nie ‘vaste resepte’ voor nie – dit is terreinspesifiek. Daarom is boer-tot-boer-uitruilings die sleutel tot landbou-ekologie, sodat boere by mekaar kan leer en met “beste” praktyke kan eksperimenteer

SOMMIGE POLITIEKE BEGINSELS /WAARDES IN AGRO-EKOLOGIE
Terwyl ons die waarde erken van verskillende tradisionele boerderypraktyke, wat dikwels met verskillende name aangewys word (organiese boerdery, natuurlike boerdery, volhoubare landbou, ens.), is daar ‘n paar politieke beginsels en waardes wat ons kan sê lei en onderskei landbou-ekologie: die oproep vir grond en landbouhervorming; nee vir die private eienaarskap van ons natuurlike hulpbronne, maar eerder kollektiewe beheer van ons gemeenskappe (grond, water, fonteine, mere en see, visserye, woude en minerale); die reg van boere om hul eie saad te spaar/ gebruik/vermeerder/ruil/ verkoop; geen uitbuiting van arbeid nie; maniere soek om die lewensbestaan ​​en lewenstandaarde van kleinboereprodusente te verbeter enverseker dat hulle outonome produsente bly. Landbou-ekologie bevorder ook hierdie beginsels rakende stedelike boerdery.

Historiese relevansie van landbou-ekologie vir ons, in die SAOG-streek
Histories, onder kolonialisme, is baie Afrika-boere en -mense regoor die vasteland van hul grond ontneem en gedwing om kontantgewasse eerder as voedsel te verbou. Behalwe om miljoene mense te verarm, het hierdie onteiening die tradisionele Afrika-boerdery ondermyn en op sommige plekke selfs vernietig. In Suid-Afrika spesifiek bly die nalatenskap van koloniale en apartheidsgrondonteiening ons by. In ander SAOG-lande, waar ‘n mate van grondrestitusie ná onafhanklikheid verkry is, gaan hierdie winste verlore namate grond- en watergrype die afgelope 30-40 jaar toegeneem het.

FEMINISTIESE PRAKTYKE EN AGRO-EKOLOGIEAs ‘n beweging wat die selforganisasie van vroue bevorder en veg om die wêreld en die lewens van vroue te verander, sluit feministiese praktyke in agro-ekologie ook stryd teen sleutelmanifestasies van kapitalisme in: patriargie, rassisme, geweld, onderdrukking en uitbuiting van beide mense se arbeid en die natuur as geheel. Feministe dring daarop aan dat, terwyl ons natuurlike hulpbronne nodig het en daarop staatmaak vir ons oorlewing en lewensbestaan, ons hul grense moet erken en respekteer en die natuur moet bewaar.

Feministe bevraagteken en verwerp die kapitalistiese opvatting van die ekonomie wat slegs waarde sien in aktiwiteite wat in die kapitalistiese mark uitgevoer word – dws. gebaseer op loonarbeid en die koop en verkoop van goedere en dienste vir wins, maar erken nie die waarde van “onsigbare” werk wat meestal deur vroue uitgevoer word nie. Byvoorbeeld, die werk wat deur plattelandse vroue daagliks gedoen word – die vervaardiging en voorbereiding van voedsel vir die huishouding, die koestering en versorging van die gesin om die volgende generasie boere en werkers te verseker – word nooit erken nie.

Terwyl feministe die behoefte aan geldelike inkomste aanhang, soek feministiese landbou-ekoloë verskillende maniere om die ekonomie te organiseer: om ‘n balans tussen selfverbruik en verkope te bewerkstellig en om kortsluitings aan te moedig (waardeur produsente so na as moontlik aan verbruikers is); ‘n solidariteitsekonomie wat wederkerigheid, selfbestuur inkorporeer en waardeer en die seksuele verdeling van arbeid oorkom. Vir vroue om nuwe ekonomiese ruimtes te betree, moet hulle egter die reg hê en toegang tot openbare dienste soos vervoer, gesondheid en onderwys hê.

Suurbraak community to embark on aqua-ponic farming

The Suurbraak community near Swellendam in the Western Cape has embarked on aqua-ponic farming. It’s a combination of hydroponics and aquaculture. Hydroponics involves growing crops with their roots only in water and not soil.

Aquaculture is the growing and farming of fish. The fish fertilise the water, which in turn provides nutrients to the crops. The method uses 90% less water than traditional farming.

Reinette Heunis from the Mawubuye land rights forum, says the project is about empowering the local women.

“We want the project to be sustainable and we want to create jobs for the women who are participating in the project here in Suurbraak. We are six women that are going to be working here and the duties will be different because we also have a nursery here and two of the women will be working and maintain the nursery and they will make sure that we have enough seedlings that we can bring to the aquaponics system,” says Heunis.

RWA South Africa: Farmer to Farmer Exchange Visit to Zimbabwe

South African Rural Women’s Assembly members Reinette Heunis, Moipone Jwayi and and Pumla Mgidini travelled with representatives from the Trust for Community Outreach and Education’s (TCOE) Food Sovereignty Stream, for a farmer’s exchange visit to Zimbabwe. Farmer Exchange visits, enables producers to share information, skills, practices, challenges and possible solutions to challenges and is an important practise for those farmers practising agroecology.

The exchange visit took place from 25 April to 2 May 2023 and included travel to three provinces in Zimbabwe namely Matabeleland South, Midlands and Masvingo visiting sites such as the Buhlebuzile Irrigation Scheme, Gambiza Ward 10 Value Addition Centre in Chiwundura (Gweru), Shurugwi Ward 9 Irrigation Scheme, Shashe Agroecology School. This farmer exchange focused on agro-processing and value addition (including marketing), seed recovery, sharing and banking (including postharvest storage); diversified production including bee keeping, fish farming, small and large stock husbandry, agroforestry, rainwater harvesting and conservation, grey water usage as well as sharing knowledge about minimum tillage such as conservation agriculture.

One of the highlights when visiting the Buhlebuzile Irrigation Scheme in Bubi District, a very arid part of Zimbabwe, was being welcomed by members of Women on Land in Zimbabwe (WLZ) and a member of Rural Women’s Assembly (RWA). The chairperson of the group, Fikelephi Phuzani, explained that project started in 2008 with the assistance of WLZ. Before then, women just used to work as individuals doing such things as weaving and other craft work. Production of crops such as vegetables was never on their agenda as the area is very arid and receiving less than 1000mm per annum. Study circles facilitated by WLZ empowered the women with advocacy skills which saw them approaching the traditional leadership for access to the land they are working on. Now 78 women work together on 30 Ha of land. The crops are irrigated through two solar powered boreholes and drip irrigation. The crops grown under irrigation include different vegetables such as kale, cabbages, onions, tomatoes, green peppers, beans, potatoes and beetroot. On the dryland section, crops such as sunflower, sweet reeds, sorghum, maize, melons and pumpkins are produced.

Moipone Jwayi, who is one of the leaders of an Agroecology Hub in the Free State province explains, “one of the recommendations following the exchange visit is to explore the idea of piloting fish farming projects at our Agroecology Hubs. We should also organise more farmer-to-farmer exchanges at a provincial level in South Africa and emphasise the importance of study circles to promote a culture of reading and empowerment.” Reinette Heunis who is a farmer at the Suurbrak Agroecology hub in the Western Cape says the exchange visit was very rewarding. “We were inspired to see the diversity of enterprises and how farmers are shifting from fossil fuels to clean energy such as solar. Another idea gained from this exchange is to consider running trials on small grains, especially in arid regions like Limpopo, Northern Cape, Free State and some parts of Eastern Cape and Western Cape.”

What is Agroecology?

Agroecology is a science and a movement. It is a type of farming that mimics nature in its operations. It relies on farm inputs rather than external inputs. It is one of the most sustainable methods of farming that also takes care of the environment. It focusses on addressing the disparities in the food systems such as gender equity, equitable land distribution, localised markets and accessibility to other commons such as water, forests, seeds etc.

Agroecology is important since it is sustainable as compared to industrial agriculture. It is relies on natural/organic inputs which do not contaminate the environment, including land and water. It also promotes biodiversity and allows organisms to co-exist in a mutual manner. The minimum tillage promoted in agroecology also allows for both water and soil conservation. This actually cuts on costs of land preparation as only appropriate technology is employed. Moreover agroecology promotes social cohesion as communal labour is the common practice.

There is a vast difference between food produced agro-ecologically and that from industrial farming. The produce from industrial agriculture does not have a long shelf life as compared to that from agroecology. Food that is industrially produced poses great danger of contamination from agro-chemicals that come with the practice. It has also been noted that food grown through agroecology tastes far better than that industrially produced.

It is a common myth that agroecology is only suitable for subsistence farming. Indeed agroecology can be scaled up to feed the entire populations. There is evidence nationally and across the world of big commercialised farms which practice only agroecology. In fact it is the only way of farming that can sustain the world with healthy food. There are techniques that can be employed when one is farming agro-ecologically on a medium or large scale.

Agroecology I yini?

Agroecoogy i sayence xikan’we ni ku ncica, i muxaka wa vurimi lebyi tekelaka ntumbuluko ndlela leyi byi endliwaka ha yona.byi tiseketela hi leswi purasi ri swi humesaka ku nga ri leswi endlekaka e handle ka purasi.tindlela leti yaka e mahlweni ta vurimi leti lungutisaka hi ntumbuluko.yi langute e ku lulamiseni ka ku nga ringani e timhakeni ta swakudya ku fana ni ku ringana hi swa rimbewu, ku ava misava hi ndlela leyi ringanaka timakete ta le mugangeni xikanwe ni ku kuma swilo leswi faneleke swo fana na mati,makhwati,mbewu na swinwana.

Agroecology i nchumu wa nkoka tani hi leswi wu hundzelaka e mahlweniloko wu pimanisiwa ni vurimi bya xilungu yi hlanganisa ntumbuluko/masungulo leswi nga thyakisaka mbango, ku katsa ni misava na mati yi khutaza mixakaxaka ya swilo leswi hanyaka na swona yi pfumelela switsotswana ku hanya swin’we ku ringanisela loko hi rima eka agroecology swi tlhela swi hi pfumelela ku hlayisa mati na misava. kahle kahle swi hunguta ku tirhisa timali to lunghisela misava tani hi leswi ku tirhisiwaka vutshila lebyi faneleke,ku engetela kwalaho agroecology yi khutaza varimi lavantsongo ku tirha swinwe.

ku ni ku hambana lokokulu e xikarhi ka swakudya leswi byariweke hiku tirhisawa agroecology ni leswi byariwaka hi ndlela ya xilungu.swakudya leswi pfuniwaka e purasini ra xilungu a swi tshami ngopfu loko swi pimanisiwa ni swa vurimi bya ntumbuluko[ agroecology] leswi swi pfuniwaka e ka vurimi bya xilungu swi na khombo lerikulu ro ngheniwa hi mirhi leyi tirhisiweke e kamuxaka lowu wa vurimi swi xiyiwini leswaku swakudya leswi byariwaka hi endlelo ra agroecology nandzo wa swona i wu nene ku tlula wa leswi swi byariwaka hi xilungu.hi ntolovelo va ri agroecology yi lunghele ku rimela ku tihanyisa ntsena.entiyisweni agroecology yi nga avtswisiwa leswaku ku wundliwa nhlayo ya vanhu hinkwavo,ku ni vumbhoni emisaveni hinkwayo ya mapurasi lama byalelaka ku xavisa lawa ya tirhisaka ndlela ya agroecolgy,e ntiyisweni i ndlela yin’we yo rima leyi nga hlayisaka misava hinkwayo hi swakudya leswi nga na rihanyo ra kahle, ku ni tindlela le ti nga tirhisiwaka loko munhu a rima hi endlelo ra agroecology a rima ndhawu leyi ringanisiweku kumbu leyikulu.